Road less travelled!

 "Part of normal human development is learning to notice less than we are able to. The world is awash in details of colour, form, sound - but to function, we have to ignore some of it"
                                                                                                                           - Alexandra Horowitz

"......some of it" is an understatement! We need to ignore most of it......if possible, everything!

We have been taught to look for patterns in chess and in life. Neither life nor chess falls into a pattern and things keeps changing - and change is the only permanent thing, else chess and life will become lifeless! So, one has to learn the techniques of the game, the strategic and tactical aspects and patters to become a good chess player. But as you emerge into a master, you should consciously turn unconditional to these elements including the most sacred principles so that you start perceiving things freely without any inhibition and inhibitors. And as you do this, you start observing the board plainly and clearly and not allow what you know to come in way of your perceiving the current position and every current position as you consider the options! The strategic and tactical elements and the patters do not impose upon your decision making process, but rather act at a tacit level without your conscious effort! 

This is where a master turns truly great and Carlsen is one such example in modern day Chess! 

Gerald Abrahams wrote, "In Chess, one realises that all education is ultimately self-education. Every Chess player teaches himself Chess." What he meant by the term "chess player" is Chess mastery, which cannot be taught. Chess master evolves!

This, is not for Chess alone! 

Magnus Carlsen - Hikaru Nakamura, Online Inv event - 2020

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 d5 4.Nc3 Be7 5.Bf4 OO 6.e3 Nbd7 

Unnecessarily, I delved into an area which I am not good at....."opening theory". A peep-into my megabase showed this....

The earliest played game dates back to infinity...."0"!! 

Jokes apart, the current position is 124 years old!! Two more moves, we lose 116 years and the position becomes very contemporary!

7.Be2 dc4 8.OO c5 9.dc5 Bc5

Two ways to capture that c5 pawn, and .....Nc5 looks more natural, though it is only a matter of preference. There are many games in the base....Ding vs Firouzja; Grischuk vs Topalov, for eg and the positions that one gets after the transition into middlegame is roughly equal. 

What is this "roughly equal" means!?

Chess is fundamentally a game of equilibrium and if one adheres strictly to the fundamental aspects of the game, namely control of space and ensuring sufficient mobility to one's pieces and do not blunder material, then the equilibrium will be maintained.

It is easily said than done and hence, Chess is alive and lively even today! Even the greatest of masters are not immune to "mistakes" or inappropriate moves!  Eugene A.Znosko-Borovsky wrote, in his fine book "The Middlegame in Chess"; "in Chess, some moves are voluntary, others are forced. If there is perfect freedom in the choice of move and a wide range to choose from, the stronger the moves are likely to be. If moves are compulsory, it is a sign of weakness both of the position and of the pieces. The object of the mobilisation is to obtain different positions with an every increasing number of available moves. Whenever this number begins to grow less, it is a sure sign that the position is deteriorating and that the pieces are becoming correspondingly less effective. Although moves are equal in point of time, it is important that they should be made at the right moment. The same move, played at different times, has entirely different values." 

Bronstein wrote this in a simple sentence: "The greatest advantage in chess is to have the next move"! 

10.Bc4 a6 11.Ng5 b5

Subsequently, in a game against MVL, Hikaru chose 11.....h6 and the game ended in a draw after interesting sequence of moves.

12.Be6 fe6 13.Ne6 Qe7

In the game between Wojtaszek - Andreikin in 2019, Black played 13.....Qe8 and the game ended in repetition. 

14.Nf8 Qf8 15.Ne4!

White has a Rook and two pawns for the two minor pieces that he gave in return. Is it an equitable bargain? Time - moves will tell us! There are players who would prefer to play with two minor pieces against Rook and there are players who prefer to play with Rook. The position is roughly equal and I don't know about what the engines say!

If you want to test this assessment, give this position with Carlsen playing Black and he will unearth possibilities, no offence meant to Hikaru the Black player here in this game!

For academic purpose, White is mobilising his forces and from now on, who controls more space and has more activity will get upper hand. It is possibly better for the side which has two minor pieces to play the middlegame as the extra piece might come in handy if the side has more grip over the spaces on the board. White's move intends to exchange his Knight for either of Black's Bishop - the choice rests with Black on what he wants to part with! Choices can be dicey at times!

15......Bb7

The choice to part with the dark squared Bishop has a basis, perhaps Hikaru wanted to retain the Bishop of opposite colour as that Bishop will not have a counterpart! Obviously 15......Ne4 loses to 16.Qd5

16.Nc5 Qc5 17.Rc1! Qd5 18.f3!

A fine move aimed not only to ward off any threats to the King, but to control more space in the center and restrict Black Knights movement. A pawn is a meagre price for that!

18......Qa2 19.e4! Nf8

The second pawn is taboo as 19.....Qb2? 20.Rc7 Bc8 21.Qd6! and White dominates the whole board.

20.Rf2 Rc8 21.Rc8 Bc8 22.Qd8 Qe6 23.Bd6! Qe8 24.Qe8 Ne8 25.Bb4!

A glance at the position reveals how passive Black pieces are in comparison to the active White pieces, which along with the active pawns in the center and Kingside. We cannot draw any rule or principle as we can do for other endings as there is no serious study done on Rook vs two minor pieces endgame. Suffice to say that White has managed to reach a position where he commands the position and Black has to respond to his calls. 

The move 25.Bb4 restricts the Queen side pawns from moving and ofcourse takes away the dark squares in the center from Black Knights and the King. 

The Boa now starts strangulating the opponents pieces! 

25......Ne6 26.Rd2! Kf7 27.Kf2 Nf6 28.Ke3 g5

A side, however passive the position may look, will always try for some way to activate the pieces, create some posts for the pieces to advance. Advancing the pieces to opponents territory is the only rule of the game! Grandmaster Kidambi would say, "it is like moving ahead with tankers, gradually conquering territory in opponents half of the board".

29.Rd6!

A fine move which builds more pressure. The Bishop on c8 is pathetic.

29......Nd7 30.g3! Ne5 31.b3!

Ofcourse! With every move, White keeps taking away more squares from the Black pieces.

31......h5

Could he have played anything else here!? Would a neutral move like 31.....Ke8 maintain or atleast not let the position deteriorate further!? Would that have gradually restored equilibrium of some sort!? 

It is in such positions, where one has not many choices of moves, one tends to commit and let me tell you, it is very difficult not to play a committal move! On hindsight we may say so many things, but practically it is very difficult to handle such passive positions, which is what Znosko-Borovsky mentioned in the aforesaid comment! 

Also, the difficulty in playing simple and seemingly harmless positions lies in the number of options that one has! Let me digress here a bit.....

Nimzovitsch - Capablanca, Newyork - 1927

White misplayed the opening a bit and handed over a slight initiative to Black. His difficulty stems from his undeveloped Queen side and should rather have focused on that to counter the initiative and restore equilibrium. 13.Bd2 followed by Rc1 etc makes more sense here. Instead, he chose a different plan of "action"....

13.Qa5?! Qf6! 14.Ba6 Ba6 15.Qa6 Nb4!

By choosing inappropriate plan of action, White has drifted further and allowed Black's initiative to grow larger.

16.Qe2 Rfd8 17.a3

In such positions in the middlegame where one side has the initiative, when the other side is in difficulty and hard pressed for moves, the general rule is to exchange pieces which will relieve some pressure. But here that rule fails! If 17.Rd1 Rd1 18.Qd1 Rd8 19.Qe2 Nd3 and if White tries to liberate the Queen side with say.....20.Rb1 (intending b3 and Bb2) e5! 21.b3 Qg6! hitting on the b1 Rook indirectly, and 22.Ra1 meets with 22......Nf2!! 23.Qf2 (23.Kf2 e4! 24.Bb2 ef3 25.gf3 Re8 -+) Rd1 24.Ne1 Qd3! strangulates white!

17.....Nd3! 18.Ne1 Ne1 19.Re1 Rac8 20.Rb1 Qe5! A nice centralising move! 21.g3 Qd5?!

But here, Capablanca gave a chance for Nimzovitsh which he did not capitalise and lost. Instead, Capablanca could have preserved the initiative with either 21......Qe4! or prior to that 21.....h5! to loosen up White's kingside a bit!

Or take for example this game:

Alekhine - Capablanca, World Championship - 1927

Here, either 19......Bg4 followed by ......Bf3 or 19......Rc1 followed by ......Bg4Xf3 would have maintained equilibrium.

Instead, the great Cuban chose to play .....

19......Kg7?! 20.h3! h6?

Black wanted to exchange the Rook and contest the other Rook with Rc8 and hence stops White's Ng5! which will hit on f7! But....

21.Qd2!!

Missed this move of Alekhine's which is intending not only Qa5 hitting on the weaknesses e5 and a7, but the presence of King on g7 and Queen on e7 gives a forking opportunity on f5 and when a Knight lands on f5 it hits on h6 and g7 squares!

One mistake in a simple position gives away so many things!! Even the greatest are not immune to such inappropriate decisions on the board even in simple positions! Such is the nature of the game.

Coming back to the main game!

32.h4! gh4 33.gh4 Ng6 34.Be1! a5?!

34.....Nef4 stopping Rd5 could have been a better option here instead of precipitating the issue.

35.Rd5! a4 36.Rh5 Nef4 37.Rg5! 

Carlsen is extremely good in such positions and often chooses a route which is clean and quick! The move played does not allow Black to play ......Ng2.

37......ab3 38.h5 Nf8 39.Bc3 b4 40.Bb2 N8e6 41.Rf5 Kg8 42.Rf4! 

Game over now! Black could have saved the agonizing few Bishop moves! 

42.....Nf4 43.Kf4 Ba6 44.Kg5 Bd3 45.Kg6 Bb5 46.f4 Be8 47.Kg5 Bc6 48.e5 Bd5 49.f5 Kh7 50.e6 Bc4 51.Kf6 Be2 52.Ke7! Resigns 

Yet another clean game on the "road less trodden"! With the increasing influence of engine generated moves and opening theory, the way forward is to play such seemingly simple positions and mastering the technique to enable you to steer the game to a desirable endgames. It is not humanely possible to work on all openings and all its intricacies and remembering them. Time and again we see a master complaining that he forgot this move or that line.....which he has in his database! Chess is not a memory game and humans are not computers to remember everything and recall everything.

There are people who say that Carlsen is thorough with all opening lines that he plays and knows "everything". Assuming it is true, the wins that he gets are not because of such preparedness and earth shaking novelties in the openings....! More often than not he prevails in simple positions which is known to everybody!  

The transition phases; opening to middlegame and middlegame to endgame are the most important phases where a great master differentiates himself from the rest, by taking the road less travelled and not bothering about the equilibrium ....it is not easy to maintain equilibrium on chessboard!

I remain